The Story of the Pubs
The Story of the Pubs .
Curieux
- hey Day beaux jours
- To enjoy jouir ....mais aussi jouir de ses droits (enjoy his right)...
- To cling (clung) s'accrocher
- To Stress insister
- To levy fines lever (des impots)
- Fines amendes
- arm les bras et to arm : s'armer ou s'équiper
- Been around se mettre ensemble ds un but commercial par exemple
- landlady c'est la femme du landlord
- abroad a l'étranger
- Unertaken entreprendre... et pas signature (signature : sign a signature ....)
- aware conscient- au courant
- awareness awarness c'esdt la conscience ( c'est pas l'absence de conscience ..;
- as fare as i'm aware
- to support their children aider ses enfants
- poker tisonnier
Bière et Boire
- Tenant tenancier ... qui peut être un atout : asset ou un poids mort liability
- snappy clinquant et sloopy sentimental
- boon aubaine
- Raw Matiere premiere
- Yeast Levure
- Dregs Lie .... lie du tonneau lie de la société ...
- Hops Houblon
- Barley orge
- Cask tonneau
- Butt tonneau
- Tun tonneau
- Barrels tonneau
- keg tonnelet
- Blackjack pichet
- Tankard pot à bière
- jug cruche
- Tippler picoleur
- hey day l'age d'or
- Hangover gueule de bois
- Sprawling cuver son vin (ou autre)
- Disbarment of brewing and distilling séparation ….
- Dram petite goutte
- Tip pourboire
- Cunter = comptoir – bar mais aussi pion
- sot ivrogne et sotill malade de boire
- sotiish ivrognerie
- drunkeness ivresse
- tippler picoleur
Ferme
- vine leaf feuille de vigne
- Sap la seve
- To dye teindre
- Silage fourrage (penser à ensillage)
- ash cendres
- crops recolte
- The shoot une pouce de plante
- The Hemp la tige
- premises locaux
Métiers
- trade commerce mais aussi métier
- craft metier
- ..... "manger" "marchand de" ..... (fishmanger ,etc ....)
- retails outlets retails = "au détail" et outlet = "point de vente"
- leather worker travailleur du cuir
- Hawker Colporteur
- Quack Charlatan
- Weaver tisserand (to weave se faufiler)
- Governess gouvernante
- cabdriver chauffeur de taxi
Comportement
- behaviour comportement
- lustily désir sexuel
- setter of fashion ceux qui decident de la mode
- Flack troupeau foule
Péchés
- Sins péchés et deadly sins ...
- avarice
- Gluthony
- Drunkness
- Sloth paresse
Colère
- gnashing of theets grincement des dents
- tearing of beards déchirer sa barbe
- raising of eyes hausser les yeux
- to wail gémir
Divers
- Mere Simple et Merely : simplement
- Aknowledge Admettre
- Rag chiffon
- worship adoration
- butt butt le tonneau mais to butt in = interrompre la conversation
Adverbes,etc ...
- actualy en fait
- Obviously evidement
- anyway de toutes façons
- where as tandis que
- from the outset des le début
- a mean of une façon de
- No matter who qui que
- No matter what quoi que
- No matter where où que ….
- in kind en nature ou en retour
- Overnight du jour au lendemain
- Genuine authentique
- Hiterto jusqu'ici
- Likely probablement
- Sulky boudeur
- by the by au fait ...
- by and by bientôt
- stagger stagger tituber mais staggering ahurissant
Préfixes - Suffixes
- Peniless sans argent
- illfame mauvaise reputation
Justice
- the bench la cour
- to arraign etre traduit en justice
- To deem juger
- barrister avocat
- peroration plaidoirie
- pirate dens nid de pirates
- brothel bordel
- thief-thieves voleurs
- to trash rouer de coups
- to stab poignarder
- To con escroquer
- awful affreux
- Quack charlatan
- To abscond s’enfuir
- To roam errer
- Sop pot de vin
- To feel the pinch sentir la pince
- to pledge promettre
- flagging flagellation
- fillip coup the cravache
- Fine amende
- to be fined payer l'amande
- gaol geole
Maison - Constructions
- Dwelling Résidence to dwell = habitert
- Snug confortable
- resort endroit de villegiature mais aussi endroit tranquile cad une "planque"
-
Features Caractéristiques
-
Row of houses rangée de maisons
-
Stall stands,etals…
-
Premises pieces - locaux
- Furnitures mobiliers
- Spartan spartiate
- Plusher plus luxueux
- Woodwork boiseries
- amenities amenagement
- Cellar cave
- Storey etage
Misère
- Pawn worker prèteur sur gage
- Wretch malheureux
- Dreadfully terriblement
- Additional Burden charge supplémentaire
- Woe malheur
- Estate propriété
- Doss hause maison de marchand de sommeil
- Brothel bordel
- Foul infect
Taxes etc …
- Duty collectors Collecteurs de contributions
- Smuggling on a huge scale
- to be fined Payer amende
Les sous et les mesures
- 1 livre = 1 pound
- 1 penny au singulier et 2 pences au pluriel
- 100 penny ou 100 pences = 1 livre
Avant 71 :
- 1 livre =20 shillings
- 1 shilling = 12 pences
- 1 guinee = 1 livre +1 shilling
Les nombres
- Two time 2 fois
- One fourth ¼
- One third 1/3
- Half moitié
Magasins
- Concern Affaire – Entreprise
- Chop Shop Magasin de bouffe
Ferme
- Straw paille
- silage fourrage (cf ensillage)
- Oats avoine
- Weath blé
- Barley orge
- Hops houblon
- Hemp chanvre
- Crops récolte
- Shortage pénurie
- Realm domaine
?Economie
- thershold seuil
- merger fusion de société
- takeover prise de controle de société
- buffer tampon
- to cut the prices
- burden charge economique
Mnémo
- Good Bye fare well porte toi bien
- To con escroquer
- Age temps fou
- Uphold maintenir
- Sake of gain l’amour du gain
- Endeavour tentative
- Aloof distant
- Pattern modele
- The rifles rife les fusils abondent
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The history of the Beer in England follow strictly the history of the country .
You can see there ,all you want as historic evenements : the wars, the plague,
the good and bad crops, the beginning of the industrial revolution ,
the financial concentration of the brewers ,and the commercial diversifications at the present time.
The story begin with the “ale” ; a kind of primitive “beer” without hops and without the need of boiling water .
You can do you too this “ale” very easily ; for exemple ,you can see here the recipe of a « Ale » with nettles .
For 5 l of water ,You take
- 200 gr nettles (top of nettles)
- 2 lemons
- 40 gr of ginger
- 500 gr of sugar
- 1 dose of yeast
- To take the ingredients into a saucepan,
- To simmer ½ hour .. and not to boil
- To Filter
- To Stock
So you have a kind of beer, without hops and without the need to use of boiled water ,
and thus you must use only a little amount of wood to cook it.....
but the water will not be sterilized at this temperature...
The sugar in this time come from honey and it was a very expensive source..
In this method very simpel ,you didn’t have the possibility of doing your “ale” during the spring and summer
because the amount of unappropriate yeast is so high that the beer was then not feasible.
The “Ale” also couldn’t be transported very away .
The possibilities of storage too were very short .
Few after that this first recipe was done and just after that the first laws that definited the “ale”(and the taxes on the "ale") ,
the "Ale" became “adultered” by different plants to change their taste and much more their price .
One of this plant will be the hops .
The hops has a good taste and has too antiseptic properties .
The hops is thus rapidely became an usual adulterate ingredient
But it’s not enough for that the “Ale” became” a “Beer”...
For that two big steps must be go through :
a) The change of the expensive honey for sugar by a cheaper cereal for sugar
The barley was finally choice but before that other plants wheat,oats… have be tried without a big success
b) The boiling of water to extract the sugar and the aroma of the hops and that was a good change ,
because now the water became sterile ... the "beer" can thus now travel better,can be stocked better,
and can be do during the whole year
To do that , you need better ustensils and materials .
They were expensive things and the most of “Ale” productors didn’t has the means to buy such a materiel and to learn to use it correctly.
At this level another little and discret problem sprung : the honey was expensive but no vital for the population
(in the real sense of the word: the survival) but the barley was a vital resource , thus in case of bad crops or other ,
there will be a conflict between a vital and a not vital use of the same resource ....
and in the middle-age,the percent of use of the barley was 50-50 between bread and beer ….
After that, the next level will be to improve the qualities of the final product .
The first one is to increase its regularity of quality
The second one is to create a "brand"
The third one is to create a large panel of differents tastes.
We have there reach now a technic and economic level inaccessible for the lone brewer ; it’s the real begining of the beer industry .
In Belgium for exemple this level is reached very quickely by the monks in their abbeeys : they have time, they have means,
and they have an intelectual level that allowed them to understand the mecanism of the production of the beer.
The next steps will game only on the economic aspects :
To have a guarantie of the turn over flow of beer through a tie on the drinking establhement who forgot the owners to sell an other brand of beer ..
To increase this guarantie by the buying of the drinking establhement .
With a growing of the amount of clients , to increase his benefit, and with this benefit, to buy rivals breweries in the aim of to reduce the competition
- Hop = saut hopS = houblon
- recept = reception recipe = recette
- mean = moyenne meanS = moyens financiers ou techniques .
- Barley, wheats,oats.
- Nettles : orties
- Drinking establishement
- Turn over = debit
- brand = marque
Date de dernière mise à jour : 17/04/2019